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The Jane Schaffer paragraph is a five-sentence paragraph developed by Jane Schaffer, used to write essays.〔(Jane Schaffer How-To )〕 The paragraph only makes up one of many paragraphs in an essay, most of which have a non-Schaffer-like intro and conclusion. The structure is utilized because it is thought to help students who struggle with paragraph structure and is taught in some U.S. middle schools and in early high school classes. As students move on, the Schaffer paragraph is no longer preferred as it hinders their own ideas and does not allow critical thinking.〔〔 ==Paragraph Structure== *Topic Sentence (TS) *Concrete Detail (CD) *Commentary (CM) *Commentary (CM) *Closing/Concluding sentence (CS) A basic Schaffer paragraph begins with the topic sentence—stating what the paragraph is about, then followed by a concrete detail, two commentary sentences, and a closing sentence. This is called a one-chunk body paragraph and is the most basic Schaffer model. One of the key elements in the Schaffer program is what is called the "ratio." Ratio is the amount of Concrete Detail in a paragraph compared to the amount of commentary. In the above paragraph the ratio is 1:2. The actual ratio for response to literature is 1:2+, which means there must be at least two sentences of Commentary for each sentence of Concrete Detail like so: *Topic sentence (TS) *Concrete Detail (CD) *Commentary (CM) *Commentary (CM) *Concrete Detail (CD) *Commentary (CM) *Commentary (CM) *Closing/Concluding sentence (CS) Note that the ratio is still 1:2+ (At least twice as much Commentary as there is Concrete Detail) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Schaffer paragraph」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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